Guiding Question: How does the concentration affect the darkness of the color of an acid and base?

Hypothesis: I think that the most concentrated one is the darkest one in both the acids and bases
Variables
Controlled: The five drops we add of the indicator to the acids and bases
Manipulated:The concentration of the acids of the acids and bases
Materials
-safety goggles
-notebook
-Windex
-lime

Procedure
1. add 1 drop of lime then 2 drops 3 drops 7 drops and 20 drops to each small test tube
2. Add 5 drops to each of the test tubes
3. record your observations
4. repeat for the base(windex)

Data analysis Observations:

Acid (lime): The one with the most drops of the acid is the most concentrated after the water is added. The most concentrated one becomes the darkest color after the experiment.

Base (Windex): The one with the most drops of the base added to it is again the most concentrated one, even when the water is added to it. Unlike the acid where the most concentrated one is the darkest here the most concentrated one is the lightest one.

VI. Concept Acquisition (CONCLUSION):

(Marko) Our guiding question ask what is the color of the most concentrated acid and base. I predicted that the most one concentrated is the darkest color. This prediction was only half right, the most concentrated acid is the darkest color of all the acid with water added to it, but bases are different. The most concentrated base is the lightest color, which is interesting, this shows us that bases and acids are different and how there Ph’s are different.

VII. Concept Application (FURTHER INQUIRY):

Marko: Are data is pretty reliable and truth worthy, because we measured the amount of drops we added to each of the test tubes. For next time we could try with more acids and bases to verify, and be sure that acids are darker and bases lighter.

Lab

Reactions Lab

Luka Luketic
Marko Bulatovic
11/29/2011

The guiding question: How does the temperature of the reactants affect the amount of the reactants remaining after the reaction ( size of the reaction) ?

Hypothesis: The amount of the reactants remaining after the reaction will decrease as the temperature decreases as well, this means that the colder the reactants are the less of them will be left after the reaction.

List of the Materials:

Baking soda

Vinegar

microwave

cup

ruler

thermometer

CONTROL The reactants (eg.baking soda and vinegar)
VARIABLE: Temperature of reactant (vinegar) measured in degrees Centigrade.
RESPONDING A change in the amount of reactants remaining, I am hoping that it will increase as the temperature does .
Procedure

1: Prepare all of the needed materials

2: Measure the temperature of the vinegar without heating it or cooling it.

3. Add ¼ of a cup of baking soda to the vineagar

4. Write the observations down

5. Repeat all the steps, only heat up or cool down the vinegar

RECORD & ANALYZE

Normal temperature: 19 degrees Celsius

• 25ml of vinegar at the beginning

• The reaction erupts

• It over flows
• it turns fuzzy and bubbly
• at the end there’s 15ml of vinegar

When hot:70 degrees Celsius

• vinegar at the beginning: 25 ml

• rapidly overflows
• erupts
• lasts shortly
• vinegar at the end:16ml

When cold: -2 degrees Celsius

• vinegar at the beginning: 25ml
• it quickly overflows
• bubbles up
• lasts shortly
• vinegar after: 12ml

Data Tables: Showing the temperature, the amount of reactants prior to the reaction and the amount of reactions after the reaction.

Temperature ml at beginning ml at the end

19 C	25ml	15ml
70 C	25ml	16ml
-2 C	25ml	13ml

Analysis of Data:
Marko :The patterns I notice in this experiment is that at the end of each reaction the temperature difference between the reactants(vinegar) did not affect how much milliliters stayed, you do notice that the colder it is the more liquid disappears, but it’s not a big difference. I do think this data is believable and trustworthy because we tested the reactions more than once, and we’re sure they work.

Conclusion: We experimented and researched how How does the temperature of the reactants affect the amount of the reactants remaining after the reaction ( size of the reaction). We examined the reactions at room temperature, at cold temperature and at cold temperature, using this information we discovered that, the difference is not so big, but actually the speed of the reaction, and how fast it’s over. The difference between the variables was A change in the amount of reactants remaining. I conclude that the temperature doesn’t affect this reaction a lot, when it’s colder two more milliliter's come out. But we found out at extreme temperatures, such as really cold or hot reactions, happen faster, and last for a short period of time. My prediction was not correct, The colder i is the bigger the reaction will be, not a lot bigger, only a couple milliliters. Through this I learned that reaction at extreme temperatures, happen faster.

Further Inquiry:

During this experiment we could have made an error in the amount of vinegar and baking soda we added, and the amounts we had could have had an impact on our experiment. I Would weigh each of the reactants to be absolutely sure that the reaction is correct, and the temperature is the only reactant that is affecting the reaction at all times. My new Hypothesis is that, Colder liquids have short reaction times but in the end they have the most of the reaction outside of the cylinder.

NASA Launches Most Capable and Robust Rover to Mars

On the 26th of november NASA launched the most advanced science lab to mars, This launch happened at 10:02 Est at the Cape Canaveral AirForce station. This Labarotory conists of the most advanced technology, but also a car sized rover, which was named Curiosity. This science laboratory is designed to throughly investigate Mars and send information back to earth. The Rocket which took of has new instaled precision landing, that will land on Mars on August 6th 2012 near the Gale Crater on the inside of a mountain.

I found this Source on the Science Daily, site which releases new articles about science and science current events, I find this site very reliable and trustworthy, because the article were released by scientists and experts who study the subject and know a lot about it. I picked the article because The title was very intriguing, and it sounded very interesting.

I was very excited, because scietists decide to explore Mars, because it's a possibility for colonizing and becoming the second planet people live on. I was really and intrigued and exicted about this article, because we will soon have a laboratory on mars, and a probe the size of a car, soon people might also go and use that labarotory.

NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "NASA Launches Most Capable and Robust Rover to Mars." ScienceDaily, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.

Better Batteries: New Technology Improves Both Energy Capacity and Charge Rate in Rechargeable Batteries

Scientists are developing a new battery such as the ones found in cellphones and iPods, this battery should have a ten times longer life, and a ten times shorter recharge rate. The battery should be able to last for longer than a week and charge for 15 minutes. The scientists are planning to improve this battery in to ways Less recharge time, and longer life. These batteries will be lithium-ion batteries that will last much longer. These Lithium batteries charge through a Lithium chemical reaction were Ions are sent from one side of the battery to the other. Even after 150 charges the battery is five times more effective then a brand new pair of batteries today say scientists. This battery should be seen on the market in about 3 to 5 years.

This article is reliable because it was written by scientist and inventors, who work at universities, This article Is also reliable because it was found on the Science Daily site which is reliable, and all the article were written by scientists. This article was amazing but also made a lot of sense, It's easy to understand and fascinating.



I was amazed, by this new discovery, because the batteries we used for cellphones and iPods last shortly and in long recharging hours, this new invention will really improve the technological advancement of the world, and short battery life will never be a problem again. The title of this article intrigued me, because I wanted to know more about batter life, and how it can be improved. I was positively surprised when I heard that battery life will soon be ten time longer than it used to be. I found this article interesting, and I would recommend it to anyone who wants to know what batteries will be like in the future, 3-5 years from now.

Northwestern University. "Better batteries: New technology improves both energy capacity and charge rate in rechargeable batteries." ScienceDaily, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 20 Nov. 2011.